sudden attack

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prŏcella, ae, f [pro and root kel; Gr. kelês, runner; cf.: celer, celox], a violent wind (by which things are prostrated), a storm, hurricane, tempest (class.).

Lit.:

procella distat latitudine a vortice et a turbine disjectā nube verius quam ruptā,

Plin. 2, 49, 50, § 133:

turbinis inmanem vim provomit atque procellae,

Lucr. 6, 447:

imbres, nimbi, procellae, turbines,

Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51; Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 17:

creber procellis Africus,

Verg. A. 1, 85:

stridens Aquilone procella,

id. ib. 1, 102:

si mugiat Africis Malus procellis,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 58; 2, 9, 3:

praecipites,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 35:

navis quassata procellā,

id. ib. 5, 5, 17:

raperent mea poma procellae, id. Nux, 163: procella nivem effuderat,

Curt. 3, 13, 7:

imbrem excusserant procellae,

id. 4, 7, 14:

Thalle, turbidā rapacior procellā,

Cat. 25, 4.—With gen.:

validi venti collecta procella,

Lucr. 6, 124.—

Transf.

(Mostly in plur.) A storm, tumult, violence, commotion, vehemence:

tempestates et procellas in illis fluctibus concionum,

Cic. Mil. 2, 5 (also cited ap. Quint. 8, 6, 48, and particularly mentioned as a figure, id. 8, 6, 48, § 7):

vita tranquilla et quieta remota a procellis invidiarum,

Cic. Clu. 56, 153:

ut procellam temporis devitaret,

id. Verr. 1, 3, 8:

patriae,

id. Dom. 53, 137:

agitari tribuniciis procellis,

Liv. 2, 1; cf.:

seditionum procellae,

id. 28, 25:

procellae civiles,

civil commotions, Nep. Att. 10, 6; cf.:

ferimur procellā,

Verg. A. 7, 594; Ov. M. 13, 656.—

In milit. lang.

A charge, onset, sudden attack of cavalry:

hac velut procellā ita consternavit equos, ut, etc.,

Liv. 37, 41 fin.:

equestrem procellam excitemus oportet,

id. 30, 18:

equestris,

id. 29, 2; Tac. H. 3, 53.—

In gen., of a fierce battle:

hic secunda belli Punici procella desaevit,

Flor. 2, 6, 12; Luc. 8, 203.—

Of a storm of eloquence:

priusquam illam eloquentiae procellam effunderet (Ulixes),

Quint. 11, 3, 158:

contionum,

id. 8, 6, 7.

attack, rush, assault / impulse, sudden passion.

onset, rapid motion/ impulse, passion, force.

impĕtus ( inp-), ūs (dat. impetu, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3; no gen. plur.; abl. impetibus, Lucr. 1, 293; v. also impes), m. [impeto], an attack, assault, onset (freq. and class.; in sing. and plur. equally common).

Lit.

In gen.:

incursio atque impetus armatorum,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44:

gladiis destrictis in eos impetum fecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 2:

impetum facere in aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 46 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 18, 4:

in agros,

Liv. 1, 5, 4:

ad regem,

id. 1, 5, 7; cf.:

in hostes,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 3:

dare impetum in aliquem,

Liv. 4, 28, 1; 2, 19, 7:

capere impetum in aliquem,

Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91:

hostes impetu facto celeriter nostros perturbaverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 1:

oppidum magno impetu oppugnare,

id. ib. 2, 6:

primo hostium impetu pulsi,

id. ib. 2, 24, 1:

impetus gladiorum excipere,

id. ib. 1, 52, 4:

impetum sustinere,

id. ib. 3, 2, 4:

ferre impetum,

id. ib. 3, 19, 3:

fracto impetu levissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2:

impetum propulsare,

id. Mur. 1, 2:

nec primum quidem impetum, nec secundum, nec tertium, sustinere potuerunt,

Flor. 3, 3, 4; Liv. 33, 36, 11:

uno impetu,

Curt. 8, 14, 18; Lact. 3, 26, 10; 5, 4, 1:

coërcere,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 180:

aquarum domare,

id. 31, 6, 31, § 58:

nec tantum (cupiditates) in alios caeco impetu incurrunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 44.— Poet.: biformato impetu Centaurus, with double - shaped attack, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8 fin.; v. biformatus.—

In partic.

In medic. lang., an attack of a disease, a fit, paroxysm:

febris,

Cels. 2, 15:

pituitae,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 183:

coeliacorum,

id. 20, 14, 53, § 148: oculorum, i. e. inflammation, id. 20, 3, 8, § 16:

thymum e vino tumores et impetus tollit,

id. 21, 21, 89, § 157; so absol., id. 22, 25, 58, § 122. —

In mechanics, the pressure of a load, Vitr. 6, 3.—

Transf., in gen. (without reference to an object), violent impulse, violent or rapid motion, impetus, impetuosity, violence, fury, vehemence, vigor, force.

Physical: labitur uncta carina, volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.):

in magno impetu maris atque aperto,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8, 1:

Hebri,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 59:

impetus caeli,

i. e. rapid motion, Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Lucr. 5, 200. — Hence also poet.: quieti corpus nocturno impetu Dedi, in the nocturnal revolution, i. e. in the night, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

impetus ipse animaï Et fera vis venti,

Lucr. 6, 591; cf.:

tantos impetus ventorum sustinere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6.—

Mental, impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion, etc.

Sing.:

repentino quodam impetu animi incitatus,

internal pressure, impulse, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49; cf.:

ut tota mente omnique animi impetu in rem publicam incumbas,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 2; id. Att. 11, 5, 1:

impetu magis quam consilio,

Liv. 42, 29, 11:

aliter in oratione nec impetus ullus nec vis esse potest,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; cf.:

ad omnem impetum dicendi,

id. Deiot. 2, 5:

actiones quae recitantur impetum omnem caloremque perdunt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 2:

resumere impetum fractum omissumque,

id. ib. 7, 9, 6:

adulescens impetus ad bella maximi,

Vell. 2, 55, 2:

est prudentis, sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63:

divinus impetus,

id. Div. 1, 49, 111:

si ex hoc impetu rerum nihil prolatando remittitur,

Liv. 37, 19, 5:

donec impetus famae et favor exercitus languesceret,

Tac. Agr. 39 fin.:

est mihi per saevas impetus ire feras,

I feel an impulse, Ov. H. 4, 38:

Bessus occidendi protinus regis impetum ceperat,

had formed a sudden purpose, Curt. 5, 12, 1:

statim moriendi impetum cepit,

Suet. Oth. 9.—

Prov.: Da spatium tenuemque moram, male cuncta ministrat impetus,

haste makes waste, Stat. Th. 10, 704 sq. —

Plur.:

animalia, quae habent suos impetus et rerum appetitus,

impulses, instincts, Cic. Off. 2, 3, 11:

an fortitudo, nisi insanire coeperit, impetus suos non habebit?

id. Tusc. 4, 22, 50:

temperantia est rationis in libidinem atque in alios non rectos impetus animi firma et moderata dominatio,

id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

insanos atque indomitos impetus vulgi cohibere,

id. Rep. 1, 5.

impĕtus ( inp-), ūs (dat. impetu, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3; no gen. plur.; abl. impetibus, Lucr. 1, 293; v. also impes), m. [impeto], an attack, assault, onset (freq. and class.; in sing. and plur. equally common).

Lit.

In gen.:

incursio atque impetus armatorum,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44:

gladiis destrictis in eos impetum fecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 2:

impetum facere in aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 46 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 18, 4:

in agros,

Liv. 1, 5, 4:

ad regem,

id. 1, 5, 7; cf.:

in hostes,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 3:

dare impetum in aliquem,

Liv. 4, 28, 1; 2, 19, 7:

capere impetum in aliquem,

Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91:

hostes impetu facto celeriter nostros perturbaverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 1:

oppidum magno impetu oppugnare,

id. ib. 2, 6:

primo hostium impetu pulsi,

id. ib. 2, 24, 1:

impetus gladiorum excipere,

id. ib. 1, 52, 4:

impetum sustinere,

id. ib. 3, 2, 4:

ferre impetum,

id. ib. 3, 19, 3:

fracto impetu levissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2:

impetum propulsare,

id. Mur. 1, 2:

nec primum quidem impetum, nec secundum, nec tertium, sustinere potuerunt,

Flor. 3, 3, 4; Liv. 33, 36, 11:

uno impetu,

Curt. 8, 14, 18; Lact. 3, 26, 10; 5, 4, 1:

coërcere,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 180:

aquarum domare,

id. 31, 6, 31, § 58:

nec tantum (cupiditates) in alios caeco impetu incurrunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 44.— Poet.: biformato impetu Centaurus, with double - shaped attack, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8 fin.; v. biformatus.—

In partic.

In medic. lang., an attack of a disease, a fit, paroxysm:

febris,

Cels. 2, 15:

pituitae,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 183:

coeliacorum,

id. 20, 14, 53, § 148: oculorum, i. e. inflammation, id. 20, 3, 8, § 16:

thymum e vino tumores et impetus tollit,

id. 21, 21, 89, § 157; so absol., id. 22, 25, 58, § 122. —

In mechanics, the pressure of a load, Vitr. 6, 3.—

Transf., in gen. (without reference to an object), violent impulse, violent or rapid motion, impetus, impetuosity, violence, fury, vehemence, vigor, force.

Physical: labitur uncta carina, volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.):

in magno impetu maris atque aperto,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8, 1:

Hebri,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 59:

impetus caeli,

i. e. rapid motion, Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Lucr. 5, 200. — Hence also poet.: quieti corpus nocturno impetu Dedi, in the nocturnal revolution, i. e. in the night, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

impetus ipse animaï Et fera vis venti,

Lucr. 6, 591; cf.:

tantos impetus ventorum sustinere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6.—

Mental, impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion, etc.

Sing.:

repentino quodam impetu animi incitatus,

internal pressure, impulse, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49; cf.:

ut tota mente omnique animi impetu in rem publicam incumbas,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 2; id. Att. 11, 5, 1:

impetu magis quam consilio,

Liv. 42, 29, 11:

aliter in oratione nec impetus ullus nec vis esse potest,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; cf.:

ad omnem impetum dicendi,

id. Deiot. 2, 5:

actiones quae recitantur impetum omnem caloremque perdunt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 2:

resumere impetum fractum omissumque,

id. ib. 7, 9, 6:

adulescens impetus ad bella maximi,

Vell. 2, 55, 2:

est prudentis, sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63:

divinus impetus,

id. Div. 1, 49, 111:

si ex hoc impetu rerum nihil prolatando remittitur,

Liv. 37, 19, 5:

donec impetus famae et favor exercitus languesceret,

Tac. Agr. 39 fin.:

est mihi per saevas impetus ire feras,

I feel an impulse, Ov. H. 4, 38:

Bessus occidendi protinus regis impetum ceperat,

had formed a sudden purpose, Curt. 5, 12, 1:

statim moriendi impetum cepit,

Suet. Oth. 9.—

Prov.: Da spatium tenuemque moram, male cuncta ministrat impetus,

haste makes waste, Stat. Th. 10, 704 sq. —

Plur.:

animalia, quae habent suos impetus et rerum appetitus,

impulses, instincts, Cic. Off. 2, 3, 11:

an fortitudo, nisi insanire coeperit, impetus suos non habebit?

id. Tusc. 4, 22, 50:

temperantia est rationis in libidinem atque in alios non rectos impetus animi firma et moderata dominatio,

id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

insanos atque indomitos impetus vulgi cohibere,

id. Rep. 1, 5.